Germany, home to millions of international students and scholars, offers self-reliance with prospects that make their life in Germany grow manifold. There would have to be specific reasons why students from various disciplines, ethics, and cultures around the world travel to this European country to pursue their career aspirations.
International Student Population in Germany
Germany is a leading destination for international students, hosting over 350,000 students in 2017. By 2018, this number grew to 375,000, representing 6% of the global international student population. During this time, the number of Indian students in Germany reached 17,295, marking a year-over-year growth of 13%. With this increase, India has become the second-largest source of international students in Germany.
Population Distribution in Germany
Country and Cities
Germany, the most populous country in Europe, had an estimated population exceeding 80 million as of the 2015 census. The majority of the population resides in its eleven metropolitan cities, which account for 77% of the total population. Prominent cities include:
- Berlin – 3,520,031
- Hamburg – 1,787,408
- Munich – 1,450,381
- Cologne – 1,060,582
- Frankfurt – 732,688
Demographic
Germany’s balanced socio-economic policies contribute to its high per capita income of $52,559 and an average life expectancy of 80.3 years.
Domestic Travel
Germany’s balanced socio-economic policies contribute to its high per capita income of $52,559 and an average life expectancy of 80.3 years.
Air Travel
Germany's balanced socio-economic policies contribute to its high per capita income of $52,559 and an average life expectancy of 80.3 years.
Train Travel
Germany's balanced socio-economic policies contribute to its high per capita income of $52,559 and an average life expectancy of 80.3 years.
Bus Travel
Germany's balanced socio-economic policies contribute to its high per capita income of $52,559 and an average life expectancy of 80.3 years.
Trams
Particularly common in cities like Berlin, trams offer an alternative to buses, avoiding city traffic.
U-Bahn
Underground train networks in cities like Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich are the fastest way to navigate urban areas.
S-Bahn
These suburban trains connect larger regions and are integrated with national railway systems and urban centers.
International Travel from Germany
Germany’s major international airports rank among Europe’s busiest. Popular airports include:
- Frankfurt Airport
- Munich Airport
- Berlin Brandenburg Airport
- Düsseldorf Airport
- Tegel Airport (now closed but historically significant)
Indian students planning flights to Germany can check with Air India or other international carriers, keeping in mind any COVID-19 travel restrictions.
Accommodation and Meals for International Students
International students in Germany have a variety of affordable accommodation options. Costs vary by city, with metropolitan areas like Munich, Hamburg, and Frankfurt being more expensive than cities in eastern Germany.
Student Residences
The most economical choice, costing around €246 per month.
Shared Flats
A popular option for 30% of international students, averaging €363 per month.
Private Flats
Ideal for privacy but more expensive, costing approximately €389 per month.
Sightseeing in Australia
Germany boasts a mix of natural and architectural wonders, attracting international students to explore:
- Berlin Wall
- The Black Forest
- Fairy tale Castles
- Historic Forts of Hamburg
- The Rhine Valley
- Cologne Cathedral
Weather
Currency
Religion
Nightlife
Germany experiences warm summers with year-round rainfall. Winters can be quite cold, so students are advised to carry appropriate woollen clothing.
Germany uses the Euro (€) as its currency. International students should exchange some INR to Euros before arriving to cover initial expenses like transportation and meals.
Germany uses the Euro (€) as its currency. International students should exchange some INR to Euros before arriving to cover initial expenses like transportation and meals.
Germany offers vibrant nightlife, with numerous clubs, pubs, theatres, and restaurants. Cities like Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, Hamburg, and Cologne are renowned for their social and safe nightlife scenes, ensuring a great experience for students.
Why Live and Work in Germany
Standard of Living
Healthcare
For international students, it is required to have a Health Insurance to avail Public Health programs in Germany. The cost of Public Health Insurance is about 100 euros per month. In comparison, the cost of Private Health Insurance can vary from 400 to 700 euros per month. There are numerous Healthcare institutions in Germany which provide world-class facilities and treatment.
Economic Background of the Country
The economy of Germany is driven by the service sector that nearly contributes 70% of the total GDP, while others include industries with 29% contribution and Agriculture with 1% contribution. Germany has the largest economy in Europe and ranks in the top five economies in the world. There are many MNCs and homegrown companies that employ millions of people in Germany.
Part-Time Work Opportunities for Students
Work Opportunities and Wage Rates
Germany provides ample opportunities for international students to work part-time while pursuing their studies. Students must obtain a work permit from the Federal Employment Agency (Agentur für Arbeit) before starting employment.
Students can work as:
- Academic Assistants
- Babysitters
- Courier Service Providers
- Tutors
- Catering and Waitstaff
Key guidelines for student employment:
- Allowed to work 120 full days or 240 half days per year.
- Permitted to work 20 hours per week during the semester and full-time during holidays.
- The minimum wage for student jobs is €9.19 per hour.
- Earnings below €450 per month are tax-exempt.
Finding Part-Time Jobs
Students can find part-time job opportunities through:
- The Federal Employment Agency’s job exchange for international students.
- University notice boards for local job listings.
- Online job portals and student service offices for side jobs.
Work Culture in Germany
Germany’s workplace culture is welcoming and supportive of international students. With the right qualifications and experience, individuals can achieve significant career growth without facing bias or discrimination.
Key aspects of the work environment in Germany:
- Average work hours are approximately 35 hours per week, allowing for a healthy work-life balance.
- Equal opportunities are provided across all levels, ensuring a fair and inclusive work environment.
Germany offers an excellent blend of professional opportunities and quality of life, making it an ideal destination for international students and professionals alike.
Popular Student Cities in Germany
Germany is home to several top-ranking universities located in its metropolitan areas. These cities are not only centers of academic excellence but also offer vibrant cultural experiences and career opportunities. Below is a list of popular cities among international students:
Leipzig
Located in the state of Saxony, Leipzig has a population of approximately 600,000 and is often referred to as “The New Berlin” due to its economic growth and contributions to the German economy. Known for its excellent standard of living and career prospects, the city houses prestigious institutions like Leipzig University, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Leipzig Graduate School of Management, and the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences.
Heidelberg
A renowned tourist destination, Heidelberg is a hub for international students looking to advance their academic careers. It is home to world-class institutions such as Heidelberg University, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, the German Cancer Research Center, the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, and the Heidelberg International School.
Düsseldorf
As the seventh-largest city in Germany and the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf offers abundant opportunities for international students. The city boasts 22 higher education institutions, including Heinrich Heine University, which attracts thousands of international students annually.
Stuttgart
A diverse city with a large international population, Stuttgart is home to prominent educational institutions like the University of Stuttgart, the University of Hohenheim, the State University of Music and Performing Arts, and Stuttgart Technology University of Applied Sciences. One in three residents in Stuttgart is a foreigner, making it a welcoming city for international students.
Dresden
Dresden, the capital of Saxony, is known for its rich cultural heritage and stunning landmarks like the Zwinger Palace, Royal Palace, and Moritzburg Castle. It is also home to top educational institutions such as the Dresden University of Technology and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf research center.
Berlin
Germany’s capital and largest city, Berlin, is a global hub for education and research. With over 117,000 students enrolled in its public and private institutions during the 2015-2016 academic year, Berlin remains a top choice for international students.
Munich
The capital of Bavaria, Munich, is a global leader in industries like automobile manufacturing, IT, biotechnology, and electronics. The city’s international population exceeds 500,000, comprising 35% of its total residents. Munich is home to numerous multinational companies and prestigious universities.
Frankfurt
Recognized as an “Alpha World City” by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Frankfurt is a global business hub and a favorite destination for international students. Top institutions in the city include Goethe University, the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, and the Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts.
Hamburg
With a population of about 2 million, Hamburg is Germany’s second-largest city. It features more than 30 public libraries and six public universities, including the University of Hamburg, Hamburg University of Technology, and the International School of Hamburg, one of Germany’s oldest international schools.
Cologne
Known for its prestigious educational institutions, Cologne is home to the University of Cologne, the Technical University of Cologne, and the German Sport University. The city also hosts renowned research centers like the German Aerospace Center and the Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing.
German People and Culture
Historical and Cultural Highlights
Germany’s history dates back 600,000 years, showcasing a rich cultural and historical legacy. From biodiversity and historical landmarks to modern urban infrastructure, Germany offers a blend of tradition and progress. The country’s advancements in infrastructure, industry, and public services post-World War II are particularly noteworthy.
Demographics
Germany spans approximately 357,000 square kilometres and has a population of 83.2 million (as of 2019), making it the 18th most populous country in the world. The country offers an excellent quality of life, with an average life expectancy of 80.3 years.
National Events and Festivals
Festivals and Events
Germany’s vibrant cultural values are reflected in its colourful festivals. These events provide international students with opportunities to connect, socialize, and immerse themselves in local traditions. Notable festivals include:
- Oktoberfest in Munich
- Reeperbahn Festival in Hamburg
- Rhein in Flammen (Rhine in Flames) in Koblenz
- Wurstmarkt in Bad Durkheim
- Berlinale Film Festival in Berlin
- Cannstatter Volksfest in Stuttgart
- Karneval in Cologne
Indian Festivals in Germany
Germany’s large Indian student community also celebrates festivals such as Holi, Diwali, Navaratri, and Kite Flying. These events are enjoyed by locals and international communities alike, promoting cultural exchange and camaraderie.
Health and Safety in Germany
Germany's Healthcare System for International Students
Germany invests a significant portion of its GDP in healthcare services, ensuring high-quality medical care. The healthcare system is predominantly government-funded, with less than 25% privately financed. Health insurance is mandatory for everyone, including international students.
Students enrolled in higher education programs can access public health insurance, while those pursuing language courses or aged over 30 must opt for private health insurance.
Student Support Centers
In case of emergencies, students are encouraged to contact local authorities or the Indian Embassy. Additionally, Germany offers dedicated student support centers that assist international students with accommodation, academic issues, and general well-being
Emergency Helplines
- First aid or fire emergency: 112
- Police: 110
- Non-emergency medical assistance: 116 117
When reaching out to these services, ensure you provide your name, address, and a brief description of the issue for prompt assistance.
Best Places to Visit in Germany
Germany offers a mix of natural beauty and rich history. Here are some must-visit locations for international students:
- Cologne Cathedral
- Germany’s most visited landmark, attracting 20,000 daily visitors. At 157 meters tall, this Gothic masterpiece is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
- Gothic Fountain (Nuremberg)
- A stunning medieval architectural marvel built by Heinrich Beheim between 1385-1396, located in Nuremberg’s main market square.
- The Black Forest
- Spanning 160 km in length and 50 km in width, this enchanting forest features lakes, rivers, and scenic trails, offering a peaceful escape into nature.
- Mosel Valley
- Situated in southwest Germany, this picturesque valley is known for its vineyards, historical homes dating back 400 years, and its proximity to France, Luxembourg, and Belgium.
- Europa Park
- Germany’s largest and Europe’s second-largest theme park, featuring thrilling roller coasters, water rides, and themed areas representing various countries.
- The Brandenburg Gate (Berlin)
- A neoclassical monument symbolizing unity and peace, built in the 18th century.
- Kunstareal (Munich)
- An artistic hub featuring numerous museums and galleries showcasing Germany’s architectural and cultural heritage.
- Dresden State Theatre
- A testament to post-World War II reconstruction, this theatre embodies Dresden’s rich architectural legacy.
- Karl Theodor Bridge (Heidelberg)
- A nearly 250-year-old arched bridge crossing the Neckar River, connecting Heidelberg’s historic districts.
- Museum of Fine Arts
- Established in 1837, this museum houses over 450,000 artworks, making it one of the world’s largest and a must-visit for art enthusiasts.
Immigration and Citizenship in Germany
Student Visa
International students can apply for three types of German visas:
- Student Visa: For students admitted to German universities.
- Language Course Visa: For those undertaking language programs.
- Student Applicant Visa: For students finalizing their university admission process in Germany.
Upon arriving in Germany, students must apply for a residence permit within three months. This application is made at a local foreigners’ office.
Extending Your Visa
The German student visa allows entry, but students must apply for a residence permit within three months of arrival. This permit is valid for two years and should be renewed before it expires. Required documents include:
- Valid passport and current visa
- Rental agreement and confirmation of living address
- Health insurance proof
- Financial proof
- Resident permit fee (€100)
- Enrollment certificate
- Biometric photos
- Language proficiency proof
Post-Study Work Visa
After completing their studies, international students can stay in Germany for up to 18 months to seek employment. During this time, they must extend their residence permit.
Permanent Residency (PR) and Citizenship
Germany encourages skilled immigrants to settle permanently. While the COVID-19 pandemic temporarily impacted visa services, students can consult immigration experts for updated information.